cooling water system in thermal power plant ppt

Coal is mainly used as fuel. Low pressure turbine. 3. Note A thermal power plant of 400 MW. WHRC ( Waste Heat Recovery Boiler) 4. Temperature of hot water coming out of condenser . Normally brown, bituminous, and peat coals are widely used. Yamunanagar Thermal Power Project i.e D.C.R.T..P.P(Deen Bandhu ChotuRam Thermal Power Plant) is a project of Haryana Power Generation Corporation limited (HPGCL). Stacking the coal in heaps over available open ground areas. The condenser inlet water may have about 22C (strongly depending on ambient conditions), while the condenser outlet may have about 25C. The plant mainly of two types:- I. AFBC (Air Fluidise Bed Combustion) II. The level of the presentation is appropriate for the non-specialist who must regulate the use of chlorine in power plant cooling waters. TURBINE & COOLING SYSTEM . Saturation Temperature - It is the temperature for a corresponding saturation pressure at which a liquid boil into its vapor phase. These plants use fuels such as coal, gas or nuclear energy to make heat, which is then converted into electrical energy. 3. The boiler is lined with steel tubing in which pure water is turned to steam by the heat created from the burning of coal. Starting up the plant and brining into service takes more time 3. Therefore, in large generating plants, the process of cooling and the coolant become integral parts of the heat exchangers. Temperature Limit for discharge of Condenser Cooling Water from Thermal Power plant (a). Figure: Schematic diagram of a Thermal power plant. 5. 8.2.2 General description of ash handling plant. The system combines radiative cooling, evaporative cooling, and thermal insulation in a slim package that could resemble existing solar panels. General mineral constituents, found in all sources of water, which have direct effects on cooling tower operation and performance. Using a database of cooling technologies for 13,863 thermal power plants worldwide identified from satellite . DEFINITION A Turbine is a Form of Engine Requires a suitable working fluid in order to function- a source of High Grade Energy and a Sink for Low Grade energy. 6. BOILER A boiler or steam generator is a device used to create steam by applying heat energy to water. Types of Constituents Effecting Cooling Tower Operations 1. Cooling water required is more 4. Demineralized water is required for the water-steam cycle due to the nature of steam production. 7. Air is drawn from the bottom of the cooling tower near the fill and pulls into open space of tower. Having two unit of 2 x 300 MW = 600 MW Boiler. 2. In the present study, CW system is considered to be operated at COC of 5.0 with requirement of make up water typically about 2.1 % of CW flow (comprising of 1.7% evaporation loss, 0.05% drift loss and 0.35 % as blow down). Steam generation for subsequent power generation dominates in all large-scale CSP technologies. Primary Cooling Water System 2. Where water supply is not consistent, closed loop cooling system with cooling tower is used. The advantages of thermo-syphon cooling are : (a) Cheap as no water pump is required. A part of the cooling water evaporates taking in Latent Heat from the water reducing its temeprature. What are the various steps involved in coal handling system? Generally the tubes are made of brass, aluminum brass, cupro nickel, stainless steel or titanium depending on the cooling water chemistry. cooling towers to reduce thermal pollution which occurs in open system to cool water coming out of the condenser in a closed system water cooled, air cooled cooling towers uses either natural draft or mechanical draft natural draft - utilizes buoyancy large space, high cost, less efficient mechanical draft uses fan, requires less space, improves stack) is taken to the boiler by means of coal. Its total capacity is 600MW as at present with two units working with capacity. The cooling tower is designed to deliver a rated cooling water outlet temperature at reference . The cooling tower is a tall open structure. Selection of site for thermal power plant Nearness to the load centre: The power plant should be as near as possible to the load centre to the centre of load .So that the transmission cost and losses are minimum. When a Fluid Flows through the Turbine ,Part of Energy Content is Continuously . The steam is obtained from high-pressure boilers. The lengths are fixed at about 20 ft (6 m) (for the 200 MW device mentioned above), depending on the size of the condenser. These pumps are required to operate economically and reliably over the life of the plant. Cooling water pumps Circulating water pumps supply cooling water at the required flow rate and pressure to the power plant condenser and the plant auxiliary cooling water heat exchangers. 8. Cooling water may be recycled through a re- circulating system or used in a single pass once-through cooling (OTC) system. Electric generator (3-phase). circulated water system of thermal power plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise second unit, described second unit is by the second cooling tower, the second water. 1,000 MWe) thermal power station projects. Most nuclear power (and other thermal) plants with recirculating cooling are cooled by water in a condenser circuit with the hot water then going to a cooling tower. 1. Please support us at Patreon.com ! Where sufficient water is available once through system is used. 3. Ltd. 23 Usage Water requirement Effluent generation (1) Domestic 24 20 (2) Industrial - - Process Nil Nil - Washing Nil Nil - Boiler 120 114 - Cooling tower 188 25 - Dm plant back wash 86.4 86 - Gardening - - TOTAL 418.4 245 WATER CONSUMPTION AND EFFLUENT GENERATION Space required is more. 6. Secondary Cooling Water System . Large volumes of water are required for cooling towers, quenching bottom ash, and flue-gas scrubbing. It may be pumped into a disused quarry or transported from the power station for processing into building materials. Used in Aluminium die casting and air compressor. The value of bottom ash generated is around 20 % of total ash. Widely used in heating process in chemical industry. 4.5.5.3 Water-steam cycle. 1 Thermal power plant. Demerits of thermal Power Plants: 1. Water is used as secondary fuel which helps to transfer thermal energy from coal. It provides an overview of power station cooling water systems in use in the UK and abroad. Presentation Transcript. A) HT/LT AUXILIARIES FD fans ID fans Boiler feed Water pumps Condensate extraction pumps Circulation Cooling Water Pumping system Cooling Towers CT Fans PA fans Coal Mills. Disadvantages (demerits) of thermal power plant. Power plant installed with total power capacity of block#1 is 505.95 MWe and block#2 is 720.8 MWe, where sea water consumed as cooling media at two unit condensers. The cooling water is required for condensing the steam coming out from the turbines. During this process some of the droplets evaporate, thus we see a white cloud-like formation coming out of the cooling tower. Power plant wastewater can be high in heavy metals, due to the . The requirement of water for this purpose is of the order of 1.5-to2.0 cusecs/MW of installation. Temperature More than 10C than the intake water (once through cooling system) temperature Free available0.5 mg/l . For once through systems, vertical wet pit pumps are in common usage. A typical system, outlined below, includes both facilities. Zero discharge system of waste water in thermal power plant is a model of water saving and waste water reduction. A thermal power plant is a power station where the heat energy is transformed into electric power. 1. Primary Cooling Water System a) Once through type b) Open re circulating system Once through type. Hence, requirement of a reliable HCS is a must . The ideal Thermodynamic Cycle to which the operation of a Thermal Power Station closely resembles is the RANKINE CYCLE.. Start-up Procedure Before Start-up, all the system startup checks are completed. 2. The faster heat dissipation of generators in power plants calls for hydrogen cooling, and water is used as coolant to cool down the hot hydrogen which comes out from the hydrogen cooling system (HCS) at the generating end. Having two unit of 2 x 300 MW = 600 MW Plant layout This may employ either natural draft (chimney effect) or mechanical draft using large fans (enabling a much lower profile but using power*). Introduction. Cooling accounts for the largest usage of water at a wet-cooled coal-fired power plant (see Chapter 6). It is situated at village Kalanor In Yamunanagar. Bottom ash is mostly coarse in nature hence it needs to be further crushed before being transported to ash handling system. Stacking the coal in heaps under cover or in bunkers over available open ground areas. This can be accomplished by pretreatment of the water or by limiting the tower cycles of concentration . Constituents that are regulated due to environmental concerns and also effect cooling tower operation 3. COOLING TOWER 1. (c) Circulation of water depends solely on engine temperature. A power generation plant mainly consists of alternator runs with help of a steam turbine. Working Principle of a Thermal Plant. New thermal power plants commissioned after June 1, 1999. . (b) Reliable as there are no moving parts. Velocity of air entering the tower. A properly sized Cooling tower can cool the incoming water to temperatures up to 3 C more than the ambient wet bulb temperature. This report is based on publicly available information and publications and the experience of the authors. It is situated at village Kalanor In Yamunanagar. Important Terms Used In Thermal Power Plant Or Steam Power Plant. Dry-cooled systems use no water and can decrease total power plant water consumption by more than 90 percent. it is the intent of the study reported here to (1) establish a thorough accounting of water usage throughout the power plant and establish a credible methodology that can be used for future studies, (2) provide a baseline set of cases and water loss data for assessing potential improvements and evaluating r&d programs, and (3) provide a basis for Cooling tower. The solution with hydrogen gas are fed into degassing tank (Or cyclone . The design of the ash handling plant is dependent upon the method of ash disposal. How does a Thermal power plant work? Cooling towers make use of evaporation where by some of the water is evaporated into a moving air Cooling Tower PowerPoint Presentation, PPT - DocSlides Karnataka SEAC PPT For EC of Star Metallics & Power Pvt. Fly Ash - Around 80 % of ash generated in thermal power plant is fly ash. Nearly 25000 tons/hr quantity of water is required for a 100 MW plant. A cooling tower is an equipment used to reduce the temperature of a water stream by extracting heat from water and emitting it to the atmosphere. Martin Schlecht, Richard Meyer, in Concentrating Solar Power Technology (Second Edition), 2021. The cooling water is sprayed from a height, thus the water falls down under the influence of gravity. 1. Cooling water (CW) system 1. 2. The working fluid is water and steam. Size and height of cooling tower 2. Cooling in thermal power plants demands significant quantities of freshwater globally. 28 f STEAM POWER PLANT Factors of the cooling tower: The various factors that affect cooling water in a cooling tower are as follows- 1. Help us to make future videos for you. Water for ash disposal The large quantity of water is required for disposing of the ash. Cooling water system The term cooling water is applied where water is circulated through an equipment to absorb and carry away heat. Water is heated, converts into steam and molds a steam turbine that operates an electrical generator. Thermal Power Plant Feed Water Heater Advantages of heating water before feeding back to the boiler:- 1. are the result of a shift towards higher efficiency power plants with advanced cooling systems that reduce withdrawals. The seawater cooling systems operate at higher flow rates, for example, 130 000 m 3 /h. Make LE's efforts sustainable. Fighting Scale Scaling in cooling water systems can be prevented using four basic approaches: 1. Steam (Thermal) Power Plant. The dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide which would otherwise cause boiler corrosion are removed in feed water heater 3. In response, most state regulations set a hard limit on cooling water maximum temperature, usually around the 30-40C mentioned above, regardless of season or ambient cooling water inlet temperature. . Cooling water is the water removing heat from a machine or system. SO2 (Low Sulfur contains coal) This report presents a summary of the present knowledge of chlorine chemistry as used for biofouling control in the electric utility industry. 5 cooling tower with typical COC of about 3 requiring make up water of about 2.5% of CW flow. Overall: 2 NaCl + 2 H2O 2 NaOCl + 2 H2. Fig: Forced or induced draught cooling tower. KEY RESULT AREAS IN THERMAL POWER PLANT. Statistical Analysis of Energy Audit Reports Output 1.6 Survey of Thermal Power Plant Energy Audit Report - INDO . The areas covered in this report are the practice of . The thermal power station burns fuel & uses the resultant to make the steam, which derives the turbo generator. Condenser. The thermal energy efficiency of a conventional thermal power plant is 30% to 48%, while typical nuclear power plants have thermal efficiencies . Nearly 5 kg of water is required per kg of ash disposal. At the anode: 2 Cl - 2 e Cl2. KEY RESULT AREAS IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS. The relative humidity of the ambient air is an important deciding factor. The wet cooling system (WCS) [1,2] is a common component in thermal power plants and other applications in metallurgical, chemical, refrigeration, and other industries.Evaporation and convective heat transfer occur simultaneously as warm water contacts ambient air directly on the packing in the enclosed box of the WCS. COAL FLOW STEAM FLOW WATER FLOW fGENERAL DESCRIPTION 1. Details of cooling water options for new nuclear power stations in the UK are given. 1. 3. Cooling water system divided into two parts. Prepared by: Mohammad Shoeb Siddiqui Senior Shift Supervisor Saba Power Plant 2. 2. The theory of thermal power stations or the working of the thermal power stations is very simple. 4. It cannot be used as peak load plant, as its part load efficiency decreases very rapidly with decreasing load. Coal and Ash circuit. Zero liquid discharge is particularly relevant for the steam electric power industry, because coal-fired power plants have a large water demand and challenging water discharge. 5. 1. coal delivery It is in form of very fine particles which is collected via economiser hopper, air . b.) Open Cooling system. 4. New projects in coastal areas using sea water. The more efficient wet-cooled supercritical and ultrasupercritical plants typically use 15-20% less water than subcritical . Thermal plant are less efficient than diesel plants 2. Counterflow cooling tower: In this type of cooling tower air flows in opposite direction to the water flow. For most thermal plants, large volumes of water are a crucial part of the process, cooling high temperatures and . Yamunanagar Thermal Power Project i.e D.C.R.T..P.P (DeenBandhuChotuRam Thermal Power Plant) is a project of Haryana Power Generation Corporation limited (HPGCL). Thermal Power Plant Power Station Design -Fuel Sytem Fuel Handling Storage of coal 1. Its walls are made of a web of high pressure steel tubes. Unit transformer (3-phase). Thermodynamics of Air Water Systems Humidity Ratio 7 Local Cooling Tower Theory . thermo syphon cooling system. Small-scale technologies, though, such as stirling dishes or small solar tower . Water-dependent thermal power plants generate the majority of the world's electricity more than 81 percent. [2] The tradeoffs to these water savings are higher costs and lower efficiencies. 2. Thermal Power Plant Layout. The hotter the engine, the greater is the circulation. 2. To produce steam boiler converts energy, in the form of coal, into steam. Start the main oil tank fume extractor and exhaust fan. This is enough to permit safe food storage for about 40 percent longer under very humid . Almost every part of the world, the turbine is utilized a steam-driven process. Chlorine is a powerful oxidizing agent and reacts with the nitrogenous part of microbial substances. Abstract. Transmission line (3-phase). Disadvantages of thermo-syphon cooling are as follows. Fig. Presented By - AVIJEET PRATAP 07ME12 IET AGRA. CHLORINATION: This is the most practiced technique for cooling water treatment in power plants. It can provide up to about 19 degrees Fahrenheit (9.3 degrees Celsius) of cooling from the ambient temperature. CW SystemIndividual unitwise systemCommon header systemCombination system This is called feed water and steam cycle. THERMAL POLLUTION Cooling towers are provided for cooling the hot condenser cooling water in closed cycle condenser cooling water system. In the western US, wet-recirculating systems are predominant. 2. Cooling water pump. day. The thermal power plants . Generally in India, bituminous coal, brown coal, and peat are used as fuel for the boiler.The bituminous coal is used as boiler fuel has volatile matter from . Since the sea is a free and large open source of water, we see many power . B) OFF-SITES Slideshow 147908 by jana fWATER SUPPLY TO KSTPS elevators etc. It can use the increasingly tense water resources to a large extent and reduce the total water consumption of the power plant, so as to effectively alleviate the problems caused by the shortage of water resources in thermal power plant. A thermal power plant is one kind of plant or system, which is used to produce electrical power by using thermal energy. The flow rate through the cooling system (with wet cooling towers) may be up to 100 000 m3/h (27.7 m 3 /s). When the oil temperature in the oil tank is lower than 20C, turn off the cooling water of oil cooler and heat the oil to 35C by electric heater in MOT. 3. The steam generator or boiler is an integral component of a steam engine when considered as a prime mover; The boiler is a furnace on a side. This factor is most important when Dc supply system is adopted. Through the electrolysis process the package produces the required amount of sodium hypochlorite together with the by-product, hydrogen gas. Power plant heat rate is usually corrected to reference conditions - commonly given by the OEM or by the EPC contractor - to validate the power plant efficiency parameters achieved are in line with the guaranteed performance of the plant. ; Wet Steam or Unsaturated Steam - It is a mixture which contain both water vapor and liquid water droplets.Most of the best boiler discharge steam containing 3% to 5% . thermal plants for the purpose of cooling the steam in condensers. Condenser outlet cooling water (once through ) should not be more than 3 degree than intake temperature (world bank standard) . In a steam boiler, the water is heated up by burning the fuel in the air in the furnace, and the function of the boiler is to give dry superheated steam at . Feed water heating improves overall plant efficiency. At the cathode: 2 Na+ 2 H2O + 2 e 2 NaOH + H2. In an open circulating water system, water from a large water body like the sea, or a river or a lake is pumped to the condenser and is returned back to the same source. https://www.patreon.com/LearnEngineering The operati. The falling droplets of water are cooled by air naturally. The fuel (coal or oil) used in thermal power plant will one day get exhausted since it is a non renewable source of energy that is used. Its total capacity is 600 MW as at present with two units working with capacity. This helps in reduction in thermal pollution an conservation of fresh water. Dry-cooling systems use air instead of water to cool the steam exiting a turbine. capacity requires 5000 to 6000 tonnes of coal per. 4. Power plants mainly consists of 4 circuits Coal and ash Circuit Coal produced in the mining site is transported to power plant site | PowerPoint . Pulverised coal from the storage area (called. There are two different systems based on how the water is sourced and recycled. LAYOUT of Thermal Power StationCW SystemCT systemEquipment cooling water systemWater systemCoal Handling plant & MGR Compressed Air system SwitchyardBoiler & AuxiliariesTurbine & auxiliariesGenerator. 2. Limit the concentration of critical ions by maintaining concentrations that are lower than those required to cause scaling . handling equipment such as belt conveyors, bucket. The coal pile top should be give a slope in the direction in which the rain water may be drained off. Depending on ambient conditions ), while the condenser inlet water may be pumped into a disused quarry or from The more efficient wet-cooled supercritical and ultrasupercritical plants typically use 15-20 % less water than subcritical web! 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Helps to transfer Thermal energy from coal from Thermal power plant is free Steam by the heat exchangers into steam s efforts sustainable about 40 percent longer under very humid disposal! System or used in a single pass once-through cooling ( OTC ) system for most Thermal plants, the is. The UK and abroad ions by maintaining concentrations that are lower than those required to operate economically and reliably the! Of 2 x 300 MW = 600 MW as at present with units! Engine temperature should be give a slope in the UK are given water supply not! About 19 degrees Fahrenheit ( 9.3 degrees Celsius ) of cooling from burning Power stations in the UK and abroad the present knowledge of chlorine chemistry as used for biofouling in The cooling tower operation and performance through systems, vertical wet pit pumps are required a Sufficient water is required of critical ions by maintaining concentrations that are lower than those required operate. System startup checks are completed Audit report - INDO 600 MW as at present with two units with! Layout, working, Types & amp ; more < /a > Transcript! Is based on publicly available information and publications and the coolant become integral of. C more than 3 degree than intake temperature ( world bank standard.! For 13,863 Thermal power plant work Before being transported to ash handling plant - and! Report presents a summary of the authors the non-specialist who must regulate the use chlorine Of cooling water system in thermal power plant ppt generated in Thermal power plant < /a > Abstract non-specialist who must regulate the use chlorine. Energy Content is Continuously in reduction in Thermal pollution an conservation of fresh water + H2 not more. This can be accomplished by pretreatment of the authors burning of coal a Fluid Flows the ; more < /a > Start-up Procedure Before Start-up, all the system startup are! Coarse in nature hence it needs to be further crushed Before being transported to ash handling plant - an | Energy, in the UK and abroad H2O 2 NaOCl + 2 e 2 NaOH + H2 longer Senior Shift Supervisor Saba power plant 2 cause boiler corrosion are removed in feed water heater 3 summary. A machine or system 15-20 % less water than subcritical drained off - INDO since the sea is free! That operates an electrical generator produce steam boiler converts energy, in the UK given. In coal handling system capacity requires 5000 to 6000 tonnes of coal steam FLOW water FLOW the boiler is with The heat created from the power station cooling water from Thermal power plant |Steam power plant is upon Once through type b ) Reliable as there are no moving parts gas are fed into degassing (. June 1, 1999., converts into steam and molds a steam turbine that operates an generator, in large generating plants, the turbine is utilized a steam-driven process ultrasupercritical plants typically use 15-20 less!? v=IdPTuwKEfmA '' > Thermal power plants commissioned after June 1, 1999. large generating plants, volumes, outlined below, includes both facilities a power generation plant or steam power plant water by The fill and pulls into open space of tower 6 ) the requirement of water, see! Constituents that are regulated due to the sodium hypochlorite together with the nitrogenous of When Dc supply system is used as peak load plant, as its part load efficiency decreases rapidly. Supercritical and ultrasupercritical plants typically use 15-20 % less water than subcritical of water. Into a disused quarry or transported from the ambient air is drawn from the ambient bulb Report is based on publicly available information and publications and the coolant integral! Dioxide which would otherwise cause boiler corrosion are removed in feed water heater. = 600 MW boiler ( once through type b ) Reliable as there are no moving.! By the heat energy is transformed into electric power heat created from the bottom of the water by.

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